Book I: Knowledge

THE ARGUMENT.

SOLOMON seeking Happiness from Knowledge, convenes the Learned Men
of His Kingdom ; requires them to explain to Him the various
Operations and Effects of Nature ; discourses of Vegetables,
Animals, and Man ; proposes some Questions concerning the Origin,
and Situation of the habitable Earth ; proceeds to examine the
System of the visible Heaven ; doubts if there may not be a
Plurality of Worlds ; enquires into the Nature of Spirits and Angels ;
and wishes to be more fully informed, as to the Attributes of the
Supreme Being. He is imperfectly answered by the Rabbins, and
Doctors ; blames His own Curiosity, and concludes, that as to Human
Science, All is Vanity.

YE Sons of Men, with just Regard attend,
Observe the Preacher, and believe the Friend,
Whose serious Muse inspires Him to explain,
That all we Act, and all we Think is Vain.
That in this Pilgrimage of Seventy Years,
O'er Rocks of Perils, and thro' Vales of Tears
Destin'd to march, our doubtful Steps we tend,
Tir'd with the Toil, yet fearful of it's End.
That from the Womb We take our fatal Shares
Of Follies, Passions, Labors, Tumults, Cares ;
And at Approach of Death shall only know
The Truths, which from these pensive Numbers flow,
That We pursue false Joy, and suffer real Woe.

Happiness, Object of that waking Dream,
Which we call Life, mistaking ; Fugitive Theme
Of my pursuing Verse, Ideal Shade,
Notional Good, by Fancy only made.
And by Tradition nurs'd, fallacious Fire,
Whose dancing Beams mis-lead our fond Desire,
Cause of our Care, and Error of our Mind :
O ! had'st Thou ever been by Heav'n design'd
To Adam, and his Mortal Race ; the Boon
Entire, had been reserv'd for Solomon :
On Me the partial Lot had been bestow'd ;
And in my Cup the golden Draught had flow'd.

But O ! e'er yet Original Man was made ;
E'er the Foundations of this Earth were laid ;
It was, opponent to our Search, ordain'd,
That Joy, still sought, should never be attain'd.
This, sad Experience cites me to reveal ;
And what I dictate, is from what I feel.

Born as I was, great David's fav'rite Son,
Dear to my People, on the Hebrew Throne
Sublime, my Court with Ophir's Treasures blest.
My Name extended to the farthest East,
My Body cloth'd with ev'ry outward Grace,
Strength in my Limbs, and Beauty in my Face,
My shining Thought with fruitful Notions crown'd.
Quick my Invention, and my Judgment sound.
Arise (I commun'd with my self) arise ;
Think, to be Happy ; to be Great, be Wise :
Content of Spirit must from Science flow ;
For 'tis a Godlike Attribute, to Know.

I said ; and sent my Edict thro' the Land :
Around my Throne the Letter'd Rabbins stand,
Historic Leaves revolve, long Volumes spread.
The Old discoursing, as the Younger read :
Attent I heard, propos'd my Doubts, and said ;

The Vegetable World, each Plant, and Tree,
It's Seed, it's Name, it's Nature, it's Degree
I am allow'd, as Fame reports, to know.
From the fair Cedar, on the craggy Brow
Of Lebanon nodding supremely tall.
To creeping Mossy and Hyssop on the Wall :
Yet just and conscious to my self, I find
A thousand Doubts oppose the searching Mind.

I know not why the Beach delights the Glade
With Boughs extended, and a rounder Shade ;
Whilst tow'ring Firrs in Conic forms arise.
And with a pointed Spear divide the Skies :
Nor why again the changing Oak should shed
The Yearly Honour of his stately Head ;
Whilst the distinguish'd Tew is ever seen,
Unchang'd his Branch, and permanent his Green.
Wanting the Sun why does the Caltha fade?
Why does the Cypress flourish in the Shade ?
The Fig and Date why love they to remain
In middle Station, and an even Plain ;
While in the lower Marsh the Gourd is found ;
And while the Hill with Olive-shade is crown'd ?
Why does one Climate, and one Soil endue
The blushing Poppy with a crimson Hue ;
Yet leave the Lilly pale, and tinge the Violet blue ?
Why does the fond Carnation love to shoot
A various Colour from one Parent Root ;
While the fantastic Tulip strives to break
In two-fold Beauty, and a parted Streak ?
The twining Jasmine, and the blushing Rose,
With lavish Grace their Morning Scents disclose :
The smelling Tuberose and Junquele declare,
The stronger Impulse of an Evening Air.
Whence has the Tree (resolve me) or the Flow'r
A various Instinct, or a different Pow'r ?
Why should one Earth, one Clime, one Stream, one Breath
Raise This to Strength, and sicken That to Death ?

Whence does it happen, that the Plant which well
We name the Sensitive, should move and feel ?
Whence know her Leaves to answer her Command,
And with quick Horror fly the neighb'ring Hand ?

Along the Sunny Bank, or wat'ry Mead,
Ten thousand Stalks their various Blossoms spread :
Peaceful and lowly in their native Soil,
They neither know to spin, nor care to toil ;
Yet with confess'd Magnificence deride
Our vile Attire, and Impotence of Pride.
The Cowslip smiles, in brighter yellow dress'd,
Than That which veils the nubile Virgin's Breast.
A fairer Red stands blushing in the Rose,
Than That which on the Bridegroom's Vestment flows.
Take but the humblest Lilly of the Field ;
And if our Pride will to our Reason yield.
It must by sure Comparison be shown.
That on the Regal Seat great David's Son,
Aray'd in all his Robes, and Types of Pow'r,
Shines with less Glory, than that simple Flow'r.

Of Fishes next, my Friends, I would enquire,
How the mute Race engender, or respire;
From the small Fry that glide on Jordan's Stream
Unmark'd, a Multitude without a Name,
To that Leviathan, who o'er the Seas
Immense rolls onward his impetuous Ways,
And mocks the Wind, and in the Tempest plays.
How They in Warlike Bands march greatly forth
From freezing Waters, and the colder North,
To Southern Climes directing their Career,
Their Station changing with th'inverted Year.
How all with careful Knowledge are indu'd.
To chuse their proper Bed, and Wave, and Food :
To guard their Spawn, and educate their Brood.

Of Birds, how each according to her Kind
Proper Materials for her Nest can find;
And build a Frame, which deepest Thought in Man
Would or amend, or imitate in vain.
How in small Flights They know to try their Young,
And teach the callow Child her Parent's Song.
Why these frequent the Plain, and those the Wood.
Why ev'ry Land has her specific Brood.
Where the tall Crane, or winding Swallow goes.
Fearful of gathering Winds, and falling Snows :
If into Rocks, or hollow Trees they creep.
In temporary Death confin'd to Sleep;
Or conscious of the coming Evil, fly
To milder Regions, and a Southern Sky.

Of Beasts and creeping Insects shall we trace
The wond'rous Nature, and the various Race;
Or wild or tame, or Friend to Man or Foe,
Of Us, what They, or what of Them We know?

Tell me. Ye studious, who pretend to see
Far into Nature's Bosom, whence the Bee
Was first inform'd her vent'rous Flight to steer
Thro' trackless Paths, and an Abyss of Air.
Whence she avoids the slimy Marsh, and knows
The fertile Hills where sweeter Herbage grows,
And Hony-making Flow'rs their opening Buds disclose.
How from the thicken'd Mist, and setting Sun
Finds She the Labor of her Day is done ?

Who taught Her against Winds and Rains to strive,
To bring her Burden to the certain Hive,
And thro' the liquid Fields again to pass
Dutious, and hark'ning to the sounding Brass?

i O O
And, O Thou Sluggard, tell me why the Ant
'Midst Summer's Plenty thinks of Winter's Want :
By constant Journeys careful to prepare
Her Stores; and bringing home the Corny Ear,
By what Instruction does She bite the Grain,
Lest hid in Earth, and taking Root again.
It might elude the Foresight of her Care?
Distinct in either Insect's Deed appear
The marks of Thought, Contrivance, Hope, and Fear.

Fix thy corporeal, and internal Eye
On the Young Gnat or new-engender'd Fly
On the vile Worm, that Yesterday began
To crawl ; Thy Fellow-Creatures, abject Man !
Like Thee they breath, they move, they tast, they see.
They show their Passions by their Acts like Thee :
Darting their Stings, they previously declare
Design'd Revenge, and fierce intent of War :
Laying their Eggs, they evidently prove
The Genial Pow'r, and full Effect of Love.
Each then has Organs to digest his Food,
One to beget, and one receive the Brood:
Has Limbs and Sinews, Blood and Heart, and Brain,
Life, and her proper Functions to sustain;
Tho' the whole Fabric smaller than a Grain.

What more can our penurious Reason grant
To the large Whale, or Castled Elephant,
To those enormous Terrors of the Nile,
The crested Snake, and long-tail'd Crocodile,
Than that all differ but in Shape and Name,
Each destin'd to a less, or larger Frame ?
For potent Nature loves a various Act,
Prone to enlarge, or studious to contract :
Now forms her Work too small, now too immense,
And scorns the Measures of our feeble Sense.
The Object spread too far, or rais'd too high,
Denies it's real Image to the Eye :
Too little, it eludes the dazl'd Sight ;
Becomes mixt Blackness, or unparted Light.
Water and Air the varied Form confound;
The Strait looks crooked, and the Square grows round.

Thus while with fruitless Hope, and weary Pain,
We seek great Nature's Pow'r, but seek in vain;
Safe sits the Goddess in her dark Retreat;
Around Her, Myriads of Ideas wait.
And endless Shapes, which the Mysterious Queen
Can take or quit, can alter or retain :
As from our lost Pursuit She wills to hide
Her close Decrees, and chasten human Pride.

Untam'd and fierce the Tiger still remains:
He tires his Life in biting on his Chains :
For the kind Gifts of Water, and of Food,
Ungrateful, and returning Ill for Good,
He seeks his Keeper's Flesh, and thirsts his Blood :

While the strong Camel, and the gen'rous Horse,
Restrain'd and aw'd by Man's inferior Force,
Do to the Rider's Will their Rage submit,
And answer to the Spur, and own the Bit ;
Stretch their glad Mouths to meet the Feeder's Hand,
Pleas'd with his Weight, and proud of his Command.

Again : the lonely Fox roams far abroad.
On secret Rapin bent, and Midnight Fraud ;
Now haunts the Cliff, now traverses the Lawn ;
And flies the hated Neighborhood of Man :

While the kind Spaniel, and the faithful Hound,
Likest that Fox in Shape and Species found.
Refuses thro' these Cliffs and Lawns to roam ;
Pursues the noted Path, and covets home ;
Does with kind Joy Domestic Faces meet ;
Takes what the glutted Child denies to eat ;
And dying, licks his long-lov'd Master's Feet.

By what immediate Cause They are inclin'd,
In many Acts, 'tis hard, I own, to find.
I see in others, or I think I see,
That strict their Principles, and our's agree.
Evil like Us they shun, and covet Good ;
Abhor the Poison, and receive the Food.
Like Us they love or hate : like Us they know,
To joy the Friend, or grapple with the Foe.
With seeming Thought their Action they intend,
And use the Means proportion'd to the End.
Then vainly the Philosopher avers,
That Reason guides our Deed, and Instinct their's.
How can We justly diff'rent Causes frame.
When the Effects entirely are the same ?
Instinct and Reason how can we divide ?
'Tis the Fool's Ign'rance, and the Pedant's Pride.

With the same Folly sure, Man vaunts his Sway ;
If the brute Beast refuses to Obey.
For tell me, when the empty Boaster's Word
Proclaims himself the Universal Lord ;
Does He not tremble, lest the Lion's Paw
Should join his Plea against the fancy'd Law ?
Would not the Learned Coward leave the Chair ;
If in the Schools or Porches should appear
The fierce Hyaena, or the foaming Bear ?

The Combatant too late the Field declines ;
When now the Sword is girded to his Loins.
When the swift Vessel flies before the Wind ;
Too late the Sailor views the Land behind.
And 'tis too late now back again to bring
Enquiry, rais'd and tow'ring on the Wing ;
Forward She strives, averse to be with-held
From nobler Objects, and a larger Field.

Consider with me this Ætherial Space,
Yielding to Earth and Sea the middle Place.
Anxious I ask Ye, how the Pensile Ball
Should never strive to rise, nor fear to fell.
When I reflect, how the revolving Sun
Does round our Globe his crooked Journies run ;

I doubt of many Lands, if they contain
Or Herd of Beast, or Colony of Man :
If any Nations pass their destin'd Days
Beneath the neighb'ring Sun's directer Rays :
If any suffer on the Polar Coast,
The Rage of Arctos, and eternal Frost.

May not the Pleasure of Omnipotence
To each of These some secret Good dispense ?
Those who amidst the Torrid Regions live,
May they not Gales unknown to us receive ;
See daily Show'rs rejoice the thirsty Earth,
And bless the flow'ry Buds succeeding Birth ?
May they not pity Us, condemn'd to bear
The various Heav'n of an obliquer Sphere ;
While by fix'd Laws, and with a just Return,
They feel twelve Hours that shade, for twelve that burn ;
And praise the neighb'ring Sun, whose constant Flame
Enlightens them with Seasons still the same ?
And may not Those, whose distant Lot is cast
North beyond Tartary's extended Waste,
Where thro' the Plains of one continual Day,
Six shining Months pursue their even Way ;
And Six succeeding urge their dusky Flight,
Obscur'd with Vapors and o'erwhelm'd in Night ;
May not, I ask, the Natives of these Climes
(As Annals may inform succeeding Times)
To our Quotidian Change of Heav'n prefer
Their one Vicissitude, and equal Share
Of Day and Night, disparted thro' the Year ?
May they not scorn our Sun's repeated Race,
To narrow bounds prescrib'd, and little space,
Hast'ning from Morn, and headlong driv'n from Noon,
Half of our Daily Toil yet scarcely done ?
May they not justly to our Climes upbraid
Shortness of Night, and Penury of Shade ;
That e'er our weary'd Limbs are justly blest
With wholesom Sleep, and necessary Rest ;
Another Sun demands return of Care,
The remnant Toil of Yesterday to bear ?

Whilst, when the Solar Beams salute their Sight,
Bold and secure in half a Year of Light,
Uninterrupted Voyages they take
To the remotest Wood, and farthest Lake ;
Manage the Fishing, and pursue the Course
With more extended Nerves, and more continu'd Force.
And when declining Day forsakes their Sky ;
When gath'ring Clouds speak gloomy Winter nigh ;
With Plenty for the coming Season blest.

Six solid Months (an Age) they live, releas'd
From all the Labor, Process, Clamor, Woe,
Which our sad Scenes of daily Action know :
They light the shining Lamp, prepare the Feast,
And with full Mirth receive the welcome Guest ;
Or tell their tender Loves (the only Care
Which now they suffer) to the list'ning Fair ;

And rais'd in Pleasure, or repos'd in Ease
(Grateful Alternates of substantial Peace)
They bless the long Nocturnal Influence shed
On the crown'd Goblet, and the Genial Bed.

In foreign Isles which our Discov'rers find.
Far from this length of Continent disjoin'd,
The rugged Bears, or spotted Lynx's brood ;
Frighten the V allies, and infest the Wood :
The hungry Crocodile, and hissing Snake
Lurk in the troubl'd Stream and fenny Brake :
And Man untaught, and rav'nous as the Beast,
Does Valley, Wood, and Brake, and Stream infest.
Deriv'd these Men and Animals their Birth
From Trunk of Oak, or pregnant Womb of Earth ?
Whence then the Old Belief, that All began
In Eden's Shade, and one created Man ?
Or grant, this Progeny was wafted o'er
By coasting Boats from next adjacent Shoar :
Would Those, from whom We will suppose they spring.
Slaughter to harmless Lands, and Poyson bring ?
Would they on Board or Bears, or Lynxes take.
Feed the She- Adder, and the brooding Snake ?
Or could they think the new Discover'd Isle
Pleas'd to receive a pregnant Crocodile ?

And since the Savage Lineage we must trace
From Noah sav'd, and his distinguish'd Race ;
How should their Fathers happen to forget
The Arts which Noah taught, the Rules He set,
To sow the Glebe, to plant the gen'rous Vine,
And load with grateful Flames the Holy Shrine ?
While the great Sire's unhappy Sons are found,
Unpress'd their Vintage, and untill'd their Ground,
Stragling o'er Dale and Hill in quest of Food,
And rude of Arts, of Virtue, and of God.

How shall We next o'er Earth and Seas pursue
The vary'd Forms of ev'ry thing we view ;
That all is chang'd, tho' all is still the same,
Fluid the Parts, yet durable the Frame ?
Of those Materials, which have been confess'd
The pristine Springs, and Parents of the rest.
Each becomes other. Water stop'd gives Birth
To Grass and Plants, and thickens into Earth :
Diffus'd it rises in a higher Sphere ;
Dilates it's Drops, and softens into Air :
Those finer Parts of Air again aspire ;
Move into Warmth, and brighten into Fire :
That Fire once more by thicker Air o'ercome.
And downward forc'd, in Earth's capacious Womb
Alters it's Particles ; is Fire no more ;
But lies resplendent Dust, and Shining Oar:
Or running thro' the mighty Mother's Veins,
Changes it's Shape ; puts off it's old Remains ;
With wat'ry Parts it's lessen'd Force divides ;
Flows into Waves, and rises into Tides.

Disparted Streams shall from their Chanels fly,
And deep surcharg'd by sandy Mountains lye,
Obscurely sepulcher'd. By eating Rain,
And furious Wind, down to the distant Plain
The Hill, that hides his Head above the Skies,
Shall fall : The Plain by slow Degrees shall rise
Higher than er'st had stood the Summit-Hill :
For Time must Nature's great Behests fulfill.

Thus by a length of Years, and Change of Fate,
All Things are light or heavy, small or great :
Thus Jordan's Waves shall future Clouds appear ;
And Egypt's Pyramids refine to Air.
Thus later Age shall ask for Pison's Flood ;
And Travellers enquire, where Babel stood.

Now where we see these Changes often fall,
Sedate we pass them by, as Natural :
Where to our Eye more rarely they appear.
The Pompous Name of Prodigy they bear :
Let active Thought these close Meanders trace :
Let Human Wit their dubious Bound'ries place.
Are all Things Miracle ; or nothing such ?
And prove We not too little, or too much ?

For that a Branch cut off, a withered Rod
Should at a Word pronounc'd revive and bud :
Is this more strange, than that the Mountain's Brow,
Strip'd by December's Frost, and white with Snow,
Should push, in Spring, ten thousand thousand Buds ;
And boast returning Leaves, and blooming Woods ?
That each successive Night from opening Heav'n
The Food of Angels should to Man be giv'n ;
Is this more strange, than that with common Bread
Our fainting Bodies every Day are fed ;
Than that each Grain and Seed consum'd in Earth,
Raises it's Store, and multiplies it's Birth ;
And from the handful, which the Tiller sows.
The labour'd Fields rejoice, and future Harvest flows ?

Then from whate'er We can to Sense produce
Common and plain, or wond'rous and abstruse,
From Nature's constant or Eccentric Laws,
The thoughtful Soul this gen'ral Influence draws,
That an Effect must presuppose a Cause.
And while She does her upward Flight sustain.
Touching each Link of the continu'd Chain,
At length she is oblig'd and forc'd to see
A First, a Source, a Life, a Deity ;
What has for ever been, and must for ever be.

This great Existence thus by Reason found,
Blest by all Pow'r, with all Perfection crown'd ;
How can we bind or limit His Decree,
By what our Ear has heard, or Eye may see ?
Say then : Is all in Heaps of Water lost,
Beyond the Islands, and the Mid-land Coast?
Or has that God, who gave our World it's Birth,
Sever'd those Waters by some other Earth,
Countries by future Plow-shares to be torn.
And Cities rais'd by Nations yet unborn?
E'er the progressive Course of restless Age
Performs Three thousand times it's Annual Stage ;
May not our Pow'r and Learning be supprest;
And Arts and Empire learn to travel West ?

Where, by the Strength of this Idea charm'd,
Lighten'd with Glory, and with Rapture warm'd.
Ascends my Soul? what sees She White and Great
Amidst subjected Seas? An Isle, the Seat
Of Pow'r and Plenty; Her Imperial Throne,
For Justice and for Mercy sought and known;
Virtues Sublime, great Attributes of Heav'n,
From thence to this distinguish'd Nation given.
Yet farther West the Western Isle extends
Her happy Fame; her Armed Fleets She sends
To Climates folded yet from human Eye;
And Lands, which We imagine Wave and Sky.
From Pole to Pole She hears her Acts resound.
And rules an Empire by no Ocean bound ;
Knows her Ships anchor'd, and her Sails unfurl'd
In other Indies, and a second World.

Long shall Britannia (That must be her Name)
Be first in Conquest, and preside in Fame :
Long shall her favor'd Monarchy engage
The Teeth of Envy, and the Force of Age :
Rever'd and Happy She shall long remain.
Of human Things least changeable, least vain.
Yet All must with the gen'ral Doom comply;
And this Great Glorious Pow'r, tho' last, must dye.

Now let us leave this Earth, and lift our Eye
To the large Convex of yon' Azure Sky :
Behold it like an ample Curtain spread.
Now streak'd and glowing with the Morning Red ;
Anon at Noon in flaming Yellow bright,
And chusing Sable for the peaceful Night.
Ask Reason now, whence Light and Shade were giv'n,
And whence this great Variety of Heav'n :
Reason our Guide, what can She more reply.
Than that the Sun illuminates the Sky;
Than that Night rises from his absent Ray,
And his returning Lustre kindles Day?

But we expect the Morning Red in vain:
'Tis hid in Vapors, or obscur'd by Rain.
The Noontyde Yellow we in vain require:
'Tis black in Storm, or red in Light'ning Fire.
Pitchy and dark the Night sometimes appears.
Friend to our Woe, and Parent of our Fears :
Our Joy and Wonder sometimes She excites,
With Stars unnumber'd, and eternal Lights.
Send forth. Ye Wise, send forth your lab'ring Thought
Let it return with empty Notions fraught,
Of airy Columns every Moment broke,
Of circling Whirlpools, and of Spheres of Smoke:
Yet this Solution but once more affords
New Change of Terms, and scaffolding of Words:
In other Garb my Question I receive;
And take the Doubt the very same I gave.

Lo! as a Giant strong the lusty Sun
Multiply'd Rounds in one great Round does run,
Twofold his Course, yet constant his Career,
Changing the Day, and finishing the Year.
Again when his descending Orb retires.
And Earth perceives the Absence of his Fires;
The Moon affords us Her alternate Ray,
And with kind Beams distributes fainter Day:
Yet keeps the Stages of her Monthly Race,
Various her Beams, and changeable her Face.

Each Planet shining in his proper Sphere,
Does with just Speed his radiant Voyage steer:
Each sees his Lamp with diff'rent Lustre crown'd :
Each knows his Course with diff'rent Periods bound;
And in his Passage thro' the liquid Space,
Nor hastens, nor retards his Neighbor's Race.
Now shine these Planets with substantial Rays?
Does innate Lustre gild their measur'd Days?
Or do they (as your Schemes, I think, have shown)
Dart furtive Beams, and Glory not their own.
All Servants to that Source of Light, the Sun ?

Again I see ten thousand thousand Stars,
Nor cast in Lines, in Circles, nor in Squares :
(Poor Rules, with which our bounded Mind is fill'd,
When We would plant, or cultivate, or build)
But shining with such vast, such various Light,
As speaks the Hand, that form'd them. Infinite :
How mean the Order and Perfection sought
In the best Product of the human Thought,
Compar'd to the great Harmony that reigns
In what the Spirit of the World ordains!

Now if the Sun to Earth transmits his Ray,
Yet does not scorch us with too fierce a Day;
How small a Portion of his Pow'r is giv'n
To Orbs more distant, and remoter Heav'n?
And of those Stars, which our imperfect Eye
Has doom'd, and fix'd to one Eternal Sky,
Each by a native stock of Honor great.
May dart strong Influence, and diffuse kind Heat,
It self a Sun ; and with transmissive Light
Enliven Worlds deny'd to human Sight:
Around the Circles of their ambient Skies
New Moons may grow or wane, may set or rise;
And other Stars may to those Suns be Earths ;
Give their own Elements their proper Births;
Divide their Climes, or elevate their Pole;
See their Lands flourish, and their Oceans roll;
Yet these great Orbs thus radically bright,
Primitive Founts, and Origins of Light,
May each to other (as their diff'rent Sphere
Makes or their Distance, or their Height appear)
Be seen a nobler, or inferior Star;
And in that Space, which We call Air and Sky,
Myriads of Earths, and Moons, and Suns may lye
Unmeasur'd, and unknown by human Eye.

In vain We measure this amazing Sphere,
And find and fix it's Centre here or there;
Whilst it's Circumf'rence, scorning to be brought
Ev'n into fancy'd Space, illudes our vanquish'd Thought.

Where then are all the radiant Monsters driv'n.
With which your Guesses fill'd the frighten'd Heaven?
Where will their fictious Images remain?
In paper Schemes, and the Chaldean's Brain.

This Problem yet, this Offspring of a Guess,
Let Us for once a Child of Truth confess ;
That these fair Stars, these Objects of Delight,
And Terror, to our searching dazl'd Sight,
Are Worlds immense, unnumber'd, infinite.
But do these Worlds display their Beams, or guide
Their Orbs, to serve thy Use, to please thy Pride?
Thy self but Dust, thy Stature but a Span,
A Moment thy Duration ; foolish Man !
As well may the minutest Emmet say.
That Caucasus was rais'd, to pave his Way:
The Snail, that Lebanon's extended Wood
Was destin'd only for his Walk, and Food:
The vilest Cockle, gaping on the Coast
That rounds the ample Seas, as well may boast.
The craggy Rock projects above the Sky,
That He in Safety at it's Foot may lye;
And the whole Ocean's confluent Waters swells
Only to quench his Thirst, or move and blanch his Shell.

A higher Flight the vent'rous Goddess tries.
Leaving material Worlds, and local Skies:
Enquires, what are the Beings, where the Space,
That form'd and held the Angels ancient Race.
For Rebel Lucifer with Michael fought:
(I offer only what Tradition taught:)
Embattl'd Cherub against Cherub rose;
Did Shield to Shield, and Pow'r to Pow'r oppose:
Heav'n rung with Triumph : Hell was fill'd with Woes.
What were these Forms, of which your Volumes tell,
How some fought great, and others recreant fell?
These bound to bear an everlasting Load,
Durance of Chain, and Banishment of God :
By fatal Turns their wretched Strength to tire;
To swim in sulph'rous Lakes, or land on solid Fire:

While Those exalted to primaeval Light,
Excess of Blessing, and Supreme Delight,
Only perceive some little Pause of Joys
In those great Moments, when their God imploys
Their Ministry, to pour his threaten'd Hate
On the proud King, or the Rebellious State:

Or to reverse Jehovah's high Command,
And speak the Thunder falling from his Hand,
When to his Duty the proud King returns;
And the Rebellious State in Ashes mourns.
How can good Angels be in Heav'n confin'd ;
Or view that Presence, which no Space can bind?
Is God above, beneath, or yon', or here?
He who made all, is He not ev'ry where?

O how can wicked Angels find a Night
So dark, to hide 'em from that piercing Light,
Which form'd the Eye, and gave the Pow'r of Sight ?

What mean I now of Angel, when I hear
Firm Body, Spirit pure, or fluid Air?
Spirits to Action spiritual confin'd.
Friends to our Thought, and Kindred to our Mind,
Should only act and prompt us from within,
Nor by external Eye be ever seen.
Was it not therefore to our Fathers known,
That these had Appetite, and Limb, and Bone?
Else how could Abram wash their weary'd Feet;
Or Sarah please their Taste with sav'ry Meat?
Whence should they tear? or why did Lot engage
To save their bodies from abusive Rage?

And how could Jacob, in a real Fight,
Feel or resist the wrestling Angel's Might?
How could a Form it's Strength with Matter try?
Or how a Spirit touch a Mortal's Thigh ?

Now are they Air condens'd, or gather'd Rays?
How guide they then our Pray'r, or keep our Ways,
By stronger Blasts still subject to be tost,
By Tempests scatter'd, and in Whirlwinds lost?

Have they again (as Sacred Song proclaims)
Substances real, and existing Frames?
How comes it, since with them we jointly share
The great Effect of one Creator's Care;
That whilst our Bodies sicken, and decay,
Their's are for ever healthy, young, and gay?
Why, whilst We struggle in this Vale beneath.
With Want and Sorrow, with Disease and Death;
Do They more bless'd perpetual Life employ
On Songs of Pleasure, and in Scenes of Joy?

Now when my Mind has all this World survey'd.
And found, that Nothing by it self was made;
When Thought has rais'd it self by just Degrees,
From Vallies crown'd with Flow'rs, and Hills with Trees;
From smoaking Min'rals, and from rising Streams;
From fatt'ning Nilus, or victorious Thames ;
From all the Living, that four-footed move
Along the Shoar, the Meadow, or the Grove;
From all that can with Finns, or Feathers fly
Thro' the Aerial, or the Wat'ry Sky;
From the poor Reptile with a reas'ning Soul,
That miserable Master of the Whole;
From this great Object of the Body's Eye,
This fair Half-round, this ample azure Sky,
Terribly large, and wonderfully bright
With Stars unnumber'd, and unmeasur'd Light ;
From Essences unseen. Celestial Names,
Enlight'ning Spirits, and ministerial Flames,
Angels, Dominions, Potentates, and Thrones,
All that in each Degree the name of Creature owns:
Lift we our Reason to that Sov'reign Cause,
Who blest the whole with Life, and bounded it with Laws ;
Who forth from Nothing call'd this comely Frame,
His Will and Act, His Word and Work the same ;
To whom a thousand Years are but a Day ;
Who bad the Light her genial Beams display ;
And set the Moon, and taught the Sun his Way:
Who waking Time, his Creature, from the Source
Primaeval, order'd his predestin'd Course :

Himself, as in the Hollow of His Hand,
Holding, obedient to His high Command,
The deep Abyss, the long continued Store,
Where Months, and Days, and Hours, and Minutes pour
Their floating Parts, and thenceforth are no more.

This Alpha and Omega, First and Last,
Who like the Potter in a Mould has cast
The World's great Frame, commanding it to be
Such as the Eyes of Sense and Reason see ;
Yet if He wills, may change or spoil the whole ;
May take yon' beauteous, mystic, starry Roll,
And burn it, like an useless parchment Scroll :

May from it's Basis in one Moment pour
This melted Earth
Like liquid Metal, and like burning Oar :
Who sole in Pow'r, at the Beginning said ;
Let Sea, and Air, and Earth, and Heav'n be made :

And it was so And when He shall ordain
In other Sort, has but to speak again,
And They shall be no more : Of this great Theme,
This Glorious, Hallow'd, Everlasting Name,
This God, I would discourse
The learned Elders sat appall'd, amaz'd ;
And each with mutual Look on other gaz'd.
Nor Speech They meditate, nor Answer frame :
Too plain, alas ! their Silence spake their Shame :
'Till One, in whom an outward Mien appear'd.
And Turn superior to the vulgar Herd,
Began ; that Human Learning's furthest Reach
Was but to note the Doctrines I could teach ;

That Mine to Speak, and Their's was to Obey :
For I in Knowledge more, than Pow'r did sway ;
And the astonish'd World in Me beheld
Moses eclips'd, and Jesse's Son excell'd.
Humble a Second bow'd, and took the Word ;
Foresaw my Name by future Age ador'd.
O Live, said He, Thou Wisest of the Wise !
As None has equall'd, None shall ever rise
Excelling Thee
Parent of wicked. Bane of honest Deeds,
Pernicious Flatt'ry ! Thy malignant Seeds
In an ill Hour, and by a fatal Hand
Sadly diffus'd o'er Virtue's Gleby Land,
With rising Pride amidst the Corn appear.
And choak the Hopes and Harvest of the Year.

And now the whole perplex'd ignoble Crowd
Mute to my Questions, in my Praises loud,
Echo'd the Word : whence Things arose, or how
They thus exist, the Aptest nothing know :
What yet is not, but is ordain'd to be,
All Veil of Doubt apart, the Dullest see.

My Prophets, and my Sophists finish'd here
Their Civil Efforts of the Verbal War :
Not so my Rabbins, and Logicians yield :
Retiring still they combat : from the Field
Of open Arms unwilling they depart.
And sculk behind the Subterfuge of Art.
To speak one Thing mix'd Dialects they join ;
Divide the Simple, and the Plain define ;

Fix fancy'd Laws, and form imagin'd Rules,
Terms of their Art, and Jargon of their Schools,
Ill grounded Maxims by false Gloss enlarg'd.
And captious Science against Reason charg'd.

Soon their crude Notions with each other fought
The adverse Seel: deny'd, what This had taught ;
And He at length the amplest Triumph gain'd.
Who contradicted what the last maintain'd.

O wretched Impotence of human Mind !
We erring still Excuse for Error find ;
And darkling grope, not knowing We are blind.

Vain Man ! since first thy blushing Sire essay'd
His Folly with connected Leaves to shade ;
How does the Crime of thy resembling Race
With like Attempt that pristine Error trace ?
Too plain thy Nakedness of Soul espy'd,
Why dost Thou strive the conscious Shame to hide
By Masks of Eloquence, and Veils of Pride ?

With outward Smiles their Flatt'ry I receiv'd ;
Own'd my Sick Mind by their Discourse reliev'd ;
But bent and inward to my Self again
Perplex'd, these Matters I revolv'd ; in vain.
My Search still tir'd, my Labor still renew'd,
At length I Ignorance, and Knowledge view'd,
Impartial ; Both in equal Balance laid :
Light flew the knowing Scale ; the doubtful Heavy weigh'd.

Forc'd by reflective Reason I confess.
That human Science is uncertain Guess.
Alas ! We grasp at Clouds, and beat the Air,
Vexing that Spirit We intend to clear.
Can Thought beyond the Bounds of Matter climb ?
Or who shall tell Me, what is Space or Time ?
In vain We lift up our presumptuous Eyes
To what our Maker to their Ken denies :
The Searcher follows fast ; the Object faster flies.
The little which imperfectly We find,
Seduces only the bewilder'd Mind
To fruitless Search of Something yet behind.
Various Discussions tear our heated Brain :
Opinions often turn ; still Doubts remain ;
And who indulges Thought, increases Pain.

How narrow Limits were to Wisdom giv'n ?
Earth She surveys : She thence would measure Heav'n :
Thro' Mists obscure, now wings her tedious Way ;
Now wanders dazl'd with too bright a Day ;
And from the Summit of a pathless Coast
Sees Infinite, and in that Sight is lost.

Remember, that the curs'd Desire to know,
Off-spring of Adam, was thy Source of Woe.
Why wilt Thou then renew the vain Pursuit,
And rashly catch at the forbidden Fruit ?
With empty Labor and eluded Strife
Seeking, by Knowledge, to attain to Life ;
For ever from that fatal Tree debarr'd.
Which flaming Swords and angry Cherubs guard.