Ancient Greek & Roman

Cicero

106 – 43 BC

Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BC) was born at Arpinum, south-east of Rome, and rose through the Roman offices of state as a lawyer and orator. His prosecution of Verres in 70 BC made his name, and in 63 BC he was consul, the year in which he suppressed the conspiracy of Catiline.

He was exiled in 58 BC after his political enemy Clodius carried a law against those who had put citizens to death without trial, and was recalled the following year. He was a prolific author of speeches, rhetorical and philosophical treatises, and a body of private correspondence: some nine hundred letters to Atticus, to his brother Quintus and to many other friends and public men survive.

Proscribed by the triumvirs after the death of Caesar, he was killed near Formiae in December 43 BC. The present archive holds his letters in the English translation of Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (1899), which arranges them in chronological order.

Major Works (14)

On the Ends of Good and Evil (De Finibus) — translated by C. D. Yonge (1853)
On Duties (De Officiis) — translated by Walter Miller (1913)
On the Orator (De Oratore) — translated by J. S. Watson (1855)
The Letters of Cicero, Volume I — translated by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (1899)
The Letters of Cicero, Volume II — translated by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (1899)
The Letters of Cicero, Volume III — translated by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (1900)
The Letters of Cicero, Volume IV — translated by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (1900)
On Friendship (Laelius de Amicitia) — translated by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (1900)
On Old Age (Cato Maior de Senectute) — translated by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (1900)
The Orations of Cicero, Volume I — translated by C. D. Yonge (1851)
The Orations of Cicero, Volume II — translated by C. D. Yonge (1852)
The Orations of Cicero, Volume III — translated by C. D. Yonge (1852)
The Orations of Cicero, Volume IV: The Philippics — translated by C. D. Yonge (1852)
Tusculan Disputations — translated by C. D. Yonge (1853)

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